The Mystery
For the last twenty
years, astrophysicists have been trying to explain something that is not
understood. It turns out that the motion of stars and galaxies is opposite to known
laws of physics and to such a way, that there is no acceptable explanation. To
explain the unknown, the terms dark matter and dark energy were introduced.
Astrophysicists assume that there is a relation between ordinary matter, dark matter and dark energy in the ratio near to 5%: 25%: 70%.
Astrophysicists assume that there is a relation between ordinary matter, dark matter and dark energy in the ratio near to 5%: 25%: 70%.
The solution is being investigated on many fronts: Unknown
particles, mysterious formula, other dimensions, vacuum energy.
Law of equality of action and reaction
The law states that
every force of action causes a reaction of the same intensity and direction but
in opposite course. This has been checked many times and it become an
undeniable axiom. I also do not claim that the axiom is wrong, but now I will try to present it in perspective of space and time.
It is interesting that the original of statements says that the law refers to bodies that are in contact, so that what I'm talking about, is essentially are not breaking this law.
Reaction may be delayed
The speed of
light was extremely huge but at the same time limited. There is one thing that
is much bigger and more significant, and that is
space. Compared to the size of the universe, the speed of light is extremely
low.
Now it's time to look at the star closest to our Sun. We know
that the Alpha Centauri is about 4.3 light-years away from our Sun. We also
know that the star, like all stars in our galaxy, orbitis araund the center
of the galaxy. But what does that really mean?
First of all, if we
see this star, it means that we actually see it at the location where it was 4.3 years ago. In reality, star is no longer at the point where we see her. If
a star is gravitating our Sun, in what direction is it acting? In the
direction of the location where we see it or to the location where it is now? The
answer to this question actually depends on the answer to another question:
What is the speed of
establishment of the gravitational field? Is this speed greater than, equal to,
or less than the speed of light? Does the gravitational field has velocity or
simply affect space by deforming it?
Suppose that the rate of establishment of the gravitational
field corresponds to the speed of light. We can conclude that the direction of
action will be towards the location where we see the closest star. In the same
way our Sun acts on Alpha Cenatauri but from a location where it was 4.3 years
in the past.
Detecting the
direction of action by gravitational field can also serve as an alternative
way of calculating the rate of establishment of a gravitational field.
The directions of forces are towards the
location where the stars was in the past and do not completely coincide.
When two bodies are on
distant from one another and act one to another by force fields, because the
limited speed of establishment of the force field, the reaction of one body is
delayed by the action of another and the law on equality of force of action and
reaction is not fully fulfilled, the influence of the remote body is not
immediately noticeable but with a delay depends on the speed of force field.
The paradox of the lifetime of the universe - The final horizon of event
Now is the time to look in the direction of the distant galaxies, reaching enormous distances. It is important to understand
that the journey to the distant galaxy is also a journey into the past. At
present, the assumption is that the universe is 13.8 billion years old. If
there are galaxy that are on longer
distances, we simply cannot see them, nor can they in any way affect us in any
of the force fields. Simply at that moment of time the universe did not even exist. Now
we have to look at our Sun for example 3.8 billion years ago. At that point of time, the
universe was 10 billion years old, and no star or galaxy over a distance of 10
billion years could force our Sun into action, nor could it be seen. I have called it the final horizon of event and no one telescope will allow us to see beyond the age of the universe, at least not from our point of view.
Dark Energy
It seems as the dark energy is manifested by galaxies are
moving faster and faster away from each other, as someone are pushing them.
The effect is similar constantly being created energy from virtually nothing.
An example:
Consider a system of two binary stars, denoted by S1 and S2,
of approximately equal masses which attract each other. Suppose they move about
each other at a velocity v and by establishing an equilibrium state and moving in
a circle. Suppose that those on a circle are placed opposite each other around
the center of rotation O. The interaction between the forces F1 and F2 is not
balanced between them, directed to the locations of stars in the past: S1' and
S2'. The action of forces can be decomposed in two directions, one part toward
the center of rotation: F1' and F2' and the other tangentially to the direction
of motion: F1'' and F2''. This is illustrated in the image below.
The forces F1' and F2' are of the same intensity and
direction but in the opposite course, however the forces F1’’ and F2’’ act on
the stars by constantly adding energy to them and accelerating them. If the
stars accelerate as they rotate, they will tend to move away from each other
constantly. This phenomenon could also be a manifestation of dark energy.
The part of the energy that affects the acceleration is
proportional to the speed of motion of the stars v and inversely proportional
to the speed of light c. The higher the speed of movement of a body, the
greater the effect of dark energy.
If the law on equality
of action and reaction is not completely true, then the law on energy
conservation is not completely true.
What is wrong?
The velocity of a body is relative. In this example we are tied to the center of rotation of these two bodies which is wrong. However, this fact does not affect the final outcome.
The velocity of a body is relative. In this example we are tied to the center of rotation of these two bodies which is wrong. However, this fact does not affect the final outcome.
Dark Matter
Let us imagine that two celestial bodies attach themselves and are on a collision course. Approaching each other should transform all potential energy from gravity into kinetic. Due to the limited speed of light this is not so. The gravitational field actually acts weaker as it operates from a greater distance than it actually is. In doing so, some of the energy is irreversibly lost.
A Review of General Relativity
The theory of General relativity is not necessary to explain these
phenomena.
Theory of General Relativity has been carefully constructed to fulfill the law of energy conservation considering the way space and time are deforming. In my opinion the impact on distance was not elaborate enough. However, without the theory of relativity the story is not fully told.
Theory of General Relativity has been carefully constructed to fulfill the law of energy conservation considering the way space and time are deforming. In my opinion the impact on distance was not elaborate enough. However, without the theory of relativity the story is not fully told.
In the
theory of relativity, space-time is a relative and body weight itself is affecting the space-time deformation. If we consider that space-time is deformed and
if we look at two bodies at a considerable distance, then it is obvious that
the law of equality of action and reaction cannot be fulfilled. The reason is the same as in case of Newton's dynamics. Occurrences
such as dark matter and dark energy are actually quite expected. According to
the theory of relativity, the effect would also depend on the point of
observation.
Alternatives
What are the chances that experiments conducted to now by
scientists will find another solution for dark matter and dark energy?
Most attempts to unravel these phenomena have been made in
the direction of detecting or producing specific particles that would behave as
dark matter or dark energy. For 20 years, this has not been the case. However,
the ratio of 5%: 25%: 70% tells us something: this particles, if any, should
be the dominant things in the universe, not a rare occurrence. What are the chances
that in 20 years we have not been able to detect or produce any single particle
that would exhibit such phenomena?
On the other hand, astronomers have made significant breakthroughs over the last years in detecting and understanding gravitational waves. There is a real possibility that they will independently reach conclusions that would confirm this story I told.
On the other hand, astronomers have made significant breakthroughs over the last years in detecting and understanding gravitational waves. There is a real possibility that they will independently reach conclusions that would confirm this story I told.
Does my story fit into the assumption of a ratio of ordinary
matter, dark matter and dark energy in the ratio of 5%: 25%: 70%?
The most likely scenario is that this relationship is quite
different. For velocities of motion of the body that are much lower than the
speed of light, the effects of dark matter and dark energy could actually be
negligible.
It is definitely necessary first adjust the approach to calculate the motion of celestial bodies, and only after that do additional analyzes of percent of dark matter and dark energy.
It is definitely necessary first adjust the approach to calculate the motion of celestial bodies, and only after that do additional analyzes of percent of dark matter and dark energy.
Enlightenment
The story I have presented
does not refer only to the gravitational field, it is a story of a general
character and applies to any force field. In fact, it is safer to be able to
apply it to the electromagnetic force field than to the gravitational force
field itself, which has not been sufficiently investigated so far. With the
electromagnetic field, humans have learn to manipulate, in gravity this is
not feasible.
And again, there is
something far more important than solving the mysteries of dark matter and
dark energy:
The law on equality of action and reaction
in a system may not be quite accurate, that is, it is not quite applicable unless the two bodies are in close contact.
The law on energy conservation does not have
to be quite accurate, energy can be created from nothing, or it can disappear
from nothing.
And one more important thing. Every body in space seems to have its own time and space.
Finally, at least one part of the effect created by the phenomenon attributed to dark matter and dark energy could be explained by the fact that the rate of establishment of the force field is limited.
And one more important thing. Every body in space seems to have its own time and space.
Finally, at least one part of the effect created by the phenomenon attributed to dark matter and dark energy could be explained by the fact that the rate of establishment of the force field is limited.
Energy conservation law is an axiom, which is beyond question.
If there is a solution that opposes this axiom, be sure that it has not been accepted so far.
On the other hand, when you cannot find the answer, you should look on another place.
It seems that it is easier to imagine the existence of a mysterious matter than to find a solution by violating the axiom of energy conservation law.
But it has long been known that there is a connection between matter and energy, matter is only one form of energy and vice versa.
The search for dark matter becomes the search for energy.
In the story I told, I would say that there is nothing new except the fact that law on energy conservation is broken.
The potential of this story should not be neglected.
This story is just one step away from solving the following problems:
1. An inexpensive, reliable and easy way to fly into space.
2. A source of limitless and absolutely safe energy.
Paradoxically, the limited speed of light causes nothing to can lieve the Black Holes, yet it can also successfully resist gravity of any order of magnitude through formation of dark energy.
Indirectly, items one and two will allow a significant and very rapid impact on reduction of overpopulation on the planet Earth, by allowing humans to live and work in space on masse scale.
The solutions two will allow very fast reduction of pollution caused by use of fossil and nuclear fuel.
If I was wrong somewhere I need to know the answer.
In my opinion it all comes down to the key question:
Whether and in what way the law on equality of action and reaction is fulfilled if two distant bodies act on each other by force field?
This concerns the illustrated examples.
If it is not, day when we be able to say is near:
When we look into the night sky, we see a thousand stars and that's because we all have a mission, we have to get there, that's why we see them.
If there is a solution that opposes this axiom, be sure that it has not been accepted so far.
On the other hand, when you cannot find the answer, you should look on another place.
It seems that it is easier to imagine the existence of a mysterious matter than to find a solution by violating the axiom of energy conservation law.
But it has long been known that there is a connection between matter and energy, matter is only one form of energy and vice versa.
The search for dark matter becomes the search for energy.
In the story I told, I would say that there is nothing new except the fact that law on energy conservation is broken.
The potential of this story should not be neglected.
This story is just one step away from solving the following problems:
1. An inexpensive, reliable and easy way to fly into space.
2. A source of limitless and absolutely safe energy.
Paradoxically, the limited speed of light causes nothing to can lieve the Black Holes, yet it can also successfully resist gravity of any order of magnitude through formation of dark energy.
Indirectly, items one and two will allow a significant and very rapid impact on reduction of overpopulation on the planet Earth, by allowing humans to live and work in space on masse scale.
The solutions two will allow very fast reduction of pollution caused by use of fossil and nuclear fuel.
If I was wrong somewhere I need to know the answer.
In my opinion it all comes down to the key question:
Whether and in what way the law on equality of action and reaction is fulfilled if two distant bodies act on each other by force field?
This concerns the illustrated examples.
If it is not, day when we be able to say is near:
When we look into the night sky, we see a thousand stars and that's because we all have a mission, we have to get there, that's why we see them.
In search for Phantom Power Electrical Source and Phantom Thruster
This section will outline the theoretical assumptions for an energy source and thruster device based on an explanation of The Dark Energy and Dark Matter phenomena outlined earlier.
So far, something like this has not been possible.Phantom Thruster
The theory tell that if in two parallel conductors at a distance „d“ pass a current of the same direction, that they will be attracted to each other, if currents flow in opposite directions they will repel from each other.However, assuming that alternating current flows through the conductors of the same frequency, then, due to the wave nature of light, the direction of the magnetic field generated by any of the conductors will change with respect to time and in relation to the distance between the conductors. The effect should be manifested in such a way that as the distance between the conductors changes, the direction of the force changes, which will correspond to the wavelength of magnetic field, so that at certain distances the force should be continuously negative and at others continuously positive.
An interesting situation should be expected when the current through one conductor is delayed by some angle, for example by p / 2, then an unbalanced system should occur, that is, the force on both conductors acts in the same direction (not opposite) and of the whole system occurs to move. Unbalance should be greatest when flux delay due to distance also by p / 2.
The ideal case is unlikely to be possible for the following reason:
For the force to be significant, the distance between the conductors should be small. If the distance is small, the frequency must be significant. If the frequency is reduced, the current must be significantly increased.
In the case of a Phantom Thruster, the amount of energy emitted outside the system is not so important if a useful force is established, since all types of propulsion, such as rockets and aircraft, actually have an extremely low efficiency. Frequency can also be reduced to some extent by reducing phase shift below p / 2 as long as there is a positive effect.
In addition to the importance that the Phantom Thruster would have on human development as an extremely useful device, of course, if experiments be succeed, it would be validation of The Theory of Dark Matter and Dark Energy.
One way of conclusion would be to just observe the celestial bodies motion without any experiments, but in this case many theories are considered, so the observation alone may not be enough to reach the correct conclusion.
It would be a great success to detect these effect, and to develop effective systems that work on these principles would take a long time, but hope is given by the fact that many parameters can be optimized to get the best effect.
Does electrical transformer and under what conditions can be a Phantom Power Electrical Source?
The story of the Phantom Power Electrical Source is actually the story of a Electrical Transformer.
So far, no case has been recorded of excess electricity occurring on the electric transformer. Are the mathematical and physical settings of the transformer correct? Let's look at the picture:
During the transformation of electricity from primary to secondary, a law on energy conservation is established, but it is again based on the fact that the magnetic flux from the primary is simultaneously transferred to the secondary. What happens when it's not fulfilled?
Since the speed of light is extremely high, in order for any delay to occur, the frequency must be significant. For this reason, I considered two magnetic coils located in the air at a distance „d“ from one another. The following can be concluded:
Depending on the phase shift due to the delay of the flux, the transformer may behave as a system in which energy is irreversibly lost but also a system in which energy is irreversibly generated.
The following figure shows a diagram of a transformer where in the coils above each other are wound on the same direction and connected as shown, with current I1 = I2.
Restrictions During the procedure, the radiation of electricity was neglected due to the wave nature of the magnetic flux.
In order to obtain excess energy, it is necessary that the energy produced is greater than the energy emitted by the radiation of the electromagnetic field; at lower frequencies, for example up to 300 MHz. Beyond this value the radiation energy is significant and the system is not efficient. On the other hand, at low frequencies it is very difficult to achieve sufficient phase shift. Transformers with a metallic and very long core should not be forgotten, since the speed of light through metallic materials is significantly lower than through air, so it may be possible to create a system with a lower frequency.
It may not be possible to create a system with optimal energy production, but a small magnetic flux shift under certain conditions can lead to a positive effect, it is necessary to create energy that is greater than the losses in the transformer itself, a small phase shift further reduces the required frequency.
A similar principle applies to the motion of planets, although at speeds of motion of planets that are much less than the speed of light the effect is not significant, it is sufficient to be greater than the forces of friction, and that the effect of dark energy or dark matter manifests over time.
The dimensions of the system itself must be much smaller than the wavelength otherwise the calculation changes again.
Phantom Power Electrical Source
In the previous post, the concepts of Dark Matter and Dark Energy have been explained in the interaction of two objects that are at some distance and interact with the force field. Now we start with two electric circuits that are at a distance and that act on each other for example through a magnetic field. These two circuits should act to transfer energy to each other. Actually, something like that already exists.Does electrical transformer and under what conditions can be a Phantom Power Electrical Source?
The story of the Phantom Power Electrical Source is actually the story of a Electrical Transformer.
So far, no case has been recorded of excess electricity occurring on the electric transformer. Are the mathematical and physical settings of the transformer correct? Let's look at the picture:
The mathematical model of electrical transformation is based on the part of magnetic flux that flows through both windings. It is important to look at the magnetic flux path and to conclude that it can be of considerable length, a conclusion: when performing the mathematical model of the transformer, in all case available in the literature, the influence of the limited speed of light is neglected.
The magnetic field emitted by the primary cannot be immediately transmitted to the second, but it takes some time. So in reality, the magnetic field through the secondary will be delayed for a certain time relative to the primary magnetic field and vice versa. The delay time of field will depend on the distance betwen primary and secondary windings.During the transformation of electricity from primary to secondary, a law on energy conservation is established, but it is again based on the fact that the magnetic flux from the primary is simultaneously transferred to the secondary. What happens when it's not fulfilled?
Since the speed of light is extremely high, in order for any delay to occur, the frequency must be significant. For this reason, I considered two magnetic coils located in the air at a distance „d“ from one another. The following can be concluded:
Depending on the phase shift due to the delay of the flux, the transformer may behave as a system in which energy is irreversibly lost but also a system in which energy is irreversibly generated.
The following figure shows a diagram of a transformer where in the coils above each other are wound on the same direction and connected as shown, with current I1 = I2.
Depending on the values of the coil resistance, self-inductance and inductance, the following values of the total power consumed on the transformer can be obtained by summing the input electrical power of both the primary and secondary and according to the following diagram:
The value of the power of consumption is illustrated only as a concrete example.
For negative power values the device acts as an electricity energy generator and for positive power values the device acts as an energy consumer.In order to obtain excess energy, it is necessary that the energy produced is greater than the energy emitted by the radiation of the electromagnetic field; at lower frequencies, for example up to 300 MHz. Beyond this value the radiation energy is significant and the system is not efficient. On the other hand, at low frequencies it is very difficult to achieve sufficient phase shift. Transformers with a metallic and very long core should not be forgotten, since the speed of light through metallic materials is significantly lower than through air, so it may be possible to create a system with a lower frequency.
It may not be possible to create a system with optimal energy production, but a small magnetic flux shift under certain conditions can lead to a positive effect, it is necessary to create energy that is greater than the losses in the transformer itself, a small phase shift further reduces the required frequency.
A similar principle applies to the motion of planets, although at speeds of motion of planets that are much less than the speed of light the effect is not significant, it is sufficient to be greater than the forces of friction, and that the effect of dark energy or dark matter manifests over time.
The dimensions of the system itself must be much smaller than the wavelength otherwise the calculation changes again.
Tamna energija tamna materija i ograničena brzina svetlosti
Misterija
Poslednjih dvadeset godina astrofizičari pokušavaju da objasne nešto što se ne razume. Ispada da je kretanje zvezda i galaksija suprotno poznatim zakonima fizike i to na takav način da ne postoji prihvatljivo objašnjenje. Da bi objasnili nepoznato, uvedeni su pojmovi tamna materija i tamna energija. Astrofizičari pretpostavljaju da postoji odnos između obične materije, tamne materije i tamne energije u približnoj razmeri 5%: 25%: 70%. Rešenje se traži na mnogim frontovima: nepoznate čestice, misteriozna formula, druge dimenzije, vakuum energija.Zakon jednakosti akcije i reakcije
Zakon kaže da svaka sila akcije izaziva reakciju istog intenziteta i pravca, ali suprotnog smera. To je proveravano više puta i postalo je nesporni aksiom.Sada ću pokušati da alsiom predstavim u perspektivi prostora i vremena.
Ali pre toga treba da se kaže da original ovog zakona kaže da se zakon odnosi na dva tela koja su međusobno u bliskom kontaktu. Pošto je ovde razmatran uticaj dva tela koja su na izvesnom odstojanju, suštinski ovo ne pretstavja kršenje predmetnog zakona.
Reakcija može biti odložena
Brzina svetlosti je izuzetno velika, ali istovremeno i ograničena. Postoji jedna stvar koja je mnogo veća i značajnija a to je prostor. U poređenju sa veličinom svemira, brzina svetlosti je izuzetno mala.Sada je vreme da pogledamo zvezdu koja je najbliža našem Suncu. Znamo da je Alpha Centauri udaljena približno 4,3 svetlosne godine od našeg Sunca. Takođe znamo da ta zvezda, kao i sve zvezde u našoj galaksiji, orbita oko centra galaksije. Ali šta to zapravo znači?
Prvo, ako vidimo ovu zvezdu, znači da je zapravo vidimo na mestu gde je bila pre 4,3 godine. U stvarnosti, zvezda više nije na mestu gde je vidimo. Ako zvezda gravitaciono utiče na naše Sunce, u kom pravcu ta sila deluje? U pravcu mesta na kojem je vidimo ili prema mestu gde je sada?
Odgovor na ovo pitanje zapravo zavisi od odgovora na drugo pitanje: Kolika je brzina uspostavljanja gravitacionog polja? Da li je ta brzina veća od, jednaka ili manja od brzine svetlosti? Da li gravitaciono polje ima brzinu ili jednostavno utiče na prostor deformišući ga?
Pretpostavimo da brzina uspostavljanja gravitacionog polja odgovara brzini svetlosti. Možemo zaključiti da će pravac akcije biti ka mestu gde vidimo najbližu zvezdu. Na isti način naše Sunce deluje na Alpha Cenatauri, ali sa mesta na kojem je bilo 4,3 godine ranije. Otkrivanje smera delovanja putem gravitacijskog polja može takođe poslužiti kao alternativni način izračunavanja brzine uspostavljanja gravitacionog polja. Smerovi sila su prema mestu na kojem su zvezde bile u prošlosti i ne podudaraju se u potpunosti. Kada su dva tela udaljena jedno od drugog i deluju jedno prema drugom poljima sile, zbog ograničene brzina uspostavljanja polja sile, reakcija jednog tela je odložena u odnosu na akciju drugog i zakon o jednakosti akcije i reakcije nije u potpunosti ispunjen, uticaj udaljenog tela nije odmah primetan, a kašnjenje zavisi od brzine polja sile.
Paradoks životnog veka Svemira - konačan horizont događaja
Sada je vreme da pogledamo u pravcu udaljenih galaksija. Važno je razumeti da je putovanje prema nekoj dalekoj galaksiju u smislu onoga što stvarno vidimo, zapravo putovanje u prošlost. Trenutno je pretpostavka da je svemir star 13,8 milijardi godina. Ako postoje galaksije koje su na većim rastojanjima, jednostavno ih ne možemo videti, niti mogu na bilo koji način uticati na nas sa bilo kojim od polja sile. Jednostavno u tom trenutku Svemir nije ni postojao. Sada moramo pogledati naše Sunce, na primer pre 3,8 milijardi godina. U tom trenutku, Svemir je bio star 10 milijardi godina, i nijedna zvezda ili galaksija na udaljenosti od 10 milijardi godina ne bi mogla uticati na naše Sunce, niti bi se mogla videti. Nazvao sam to konačnim horizontom događaja i nijedan teleskop nam neće omogućiti da vidimo izvan životnog veka Svemira, barem ne sa naše tačke posmatranja. U tom smislu mi zapravo nismo u mogućnosti da odredimo pravu veličinu i starost kosmosa. Teoretski starost bi mogla da se utvrdi tek veoma dugačkim osmatranjem.Tamna energija
Čini se da se tamna energija manifestuje tako što se galaksije sve brže i brže udaljavaju jedna od druge, kao da ih neko gura. Efekat je sličan kao da se stvara energija iz ničega.Primer:
Razmotrimo sistem od dve binarne zvezde, označene sa S1 i S2, približno jednakih masa koje privlače jedna drugu. Pretpostavimo da se kreću jedan u odnosu na drugu brzinom v i uspostavljeno je ravnotežno stanje tako što se i kreću u krug.
Pretpostavimo da su one u krugu postavljene jedna nasuprot druge oko središta rotacije O. Interakcija između sila F1 i F2 nije izbalansirana, zato što je usmerena na lokacije zvezda u prošlosti: S1' i S2'. Delovanje sila može se vektorski rastaviti u dva pravca, jedan deo prema centru rotacije: F1' i F2', a drugi tangencijalno na smer kretanja: F1'' i F2''. Ovo je prikazano na slici ispod.
Šta nije u redu u predmetnom primeru?
Brzina tela je relativna. U ovom primeru smo vezani za centar rotacije ova dva tela, što nije u redu. Međutim, ta činjenica ne utiče na krajnji ishod.
Tamna materija
Zamislimo da se dva nebeska tela približavaju i nalaze se na putu sudara. Sa približavanjem pod dejstvom gravitacionog polja bi trebalo da se sva potencijalna energija pretvori u kinetičku. Zbog ograničene brzine gravitacionog polja to nije tako. Zbog kašnjenja, gravitaciono polje zapravo deluje slabije jer deluje sa veće udaljenosti od stvarne udaljenosti tela. Ovo se manifestuje tako što se deo energije nepovratno gubiOsvrt na teoriju opšteg relativiteta
Teorija opšteg relativiteta zapravo nije neophodna za objašnjavanje ovih pojava. Teorija opšteg relativiteta 'pažljivo' je izgrađena da ispuni zakon očuvanja energije imajući u vidu način na koji se prostor i vreme deformišu. Po mom mišljenju uticaj na daljinu ipak nije dovoljno razrađen.Ipak, bez teorije relativnosti ova priča nije u potpunosti ispričana. U teoriji relativnosti prostor-vreme su relativni, a sama masa nekog tela utiče na deformaciju prostora i vremena. Ako smatramo da su prostor-vreme deformisani i ako posmatramo dva tela na značajnoj udaljenosti, onda je očigledno da se zakon jednakosti akcije i reakcije ne može ispuniti. Razlog je isti kao i u slučaju Njutnove dinamike. Pojave poput tamne materije i tamne energije zapravo su prilično očekivane po teoriji relativiteta. Prema teoriji relativnosti, efekat bi takođe zavisio od tačke posmatranja.
Alternative
Koje su šanse da uspeju drugi eksperimenti koje sada sprovode naučnici u pokušaju da pronađu rešenje za tamnu materiju i tamnu energiju?Većina pokušaja u razotkrivanju ovih pojava izvršena je u pravcu otkrivanja ili stvaranja određenih čestica koje bi se ponašale kao tamna materija ili tamna energija. Već 20 godina to nije slučaj. Naučnicima je lakše da zamisle postojanje nekih misterioznih čestica nego da prihvate činjenicu da zakon o jednakosti akcije i reakcije možda nije u potpunosti tačan. Međutim, odnos 5%: 25%: 70% nam govori nešto: ove čestice, ako ih ima, treba da budu dominantne stvari u univerzumu, a ne retka pojava. Koje su šanse da za 20 godina nismo uspeli da otkrijemo ili proizvedemo nijednu jedinu česticu koja bi ispoljila takvo ponašanje?
S druge strane, astronomi su tokom poslednjih godina napravili značajne pomake u otkrivanju i razumevanju gravitacionih talasa. Postoji realna mogućnost da će samostalno donijeti zaključke koji bi potvrdili ovu priču koju sam ispričao.
Da li se moja priča uklapa u pretpostavku o odnosu obične materije, tamne materije i tamne energije u odnosu 5%: 25%: 70%? Najverovatniji scenario je da je ovaj odnos sasvim drugačiji. Za brzine kretanja tela koje su mnogo manje od brzine svetlosni, efekti tamne materije i tamne energije su zapravo zanemarljivi. Definitivno je neophodno prvo prilagoditi pristup izračunavanju kretanja nebeskih tela, a tek nakon toga uraditi dodatne analize procenta tamne materije i tamne energije.
Prosvetljenje
Priča koju sam predstavio ne odnosi se samo na gravitaciono polje, ovo je priča generalnog karaktera i odnosi se na bilo koje polje sile. U stvari, sigurnije je da će se moći je primeniti na polje elektromagnetne sile nego na samo polje gravitacione sile; koje do sada nije dovoljno istraženo.Pomoću elektromagnetnog polja ljudi su naučili da manipulišu, u gravitaciji to nije izvodljivo.
I opet, postoji nešto daleko važnije od rešavanja misterija tamne materije i tamne energije:
Zakon o jednakosti akcije i reakcija u sistemu možda nije sasvim tačan, odnosno nije sasvim primenljiv na slučaj kada dva tela nisu u međusobnom bliskom kontaktu.
Zakon o očuvanju energije ne mora biti sasvim tačan, energija se može stvoriti iz ničega ili može nestati iz ničega.
I još jedna važna stvar. Čini se da svako telo u prostoru ima svoje vreme i prostor. Konačno, bar jedan deo efekta stvorenog fenomenom koji se pripisuje tamnoj materiji i tamnoj energiji može se objasniti činjenicom da je brzina uspostavljanja polja sile ograničena.
Zakon o očuvanju energije je aksiom, i kao takav predstavlja temelj na kojem je izgrađena čitava fizika, ali koliko je on stabilan. Do sada ovaj princip nije doveden u pitanje.
Ako postoji rešenje koje se protivi ovom aksiomu, budite sigurni da to rešenje do dana današnjeg nije prihvaćeno. Sa druge strane, kad određeni odgovor ne može da se pronađe, trebalo bi ga potražiti na drugom mestu. Čini se da je lakše zamisliti postojanje misteriozne materije nego pronaći rešenje kršenjem aksioma očuvanja energije.
Ali odavno je poznato da postoji veza između materije i energije, materija je samo jedan oblik energije i obrnuto. Potraga za tamnom materijom postaje potraga za energijom.
U priči koju sam ispričao rekao bih da nema ničeg novog osim možda činjenice da je prekršen zakon o održanju energije a možda I nije.
Potencijal ove priče ne treba zanemariti. Ova priča je samo jedan korak udaljena od rešavanja sledećih problema:
1. Jeftin, pouzdan i jednostavan način letenja u svemir.
2. Izvor bezgranične i bezbedne energije.
Paradoksalno, ograničena brzina svetlosti uslovljava da ništa nije u mogućnosti da naposti crne rupe ali takođe može da dovede do uspešnog odupiranja gravitaciji ma kog reda veličine putem tamne energije.
Posredno, obe stavke omogućiće značajan i veoma brz uticaj na smanjenje prenaseljenosti na planeti Zemlji, omogućavajući ljudima da žive i rade u svemiru u masivnim razmerama.
Druga stavka teoretski može da smanji zagađenje koje nastaje korišćenjem fosilnog i nuklearnog goriva.
Po mom mišljenju sve se svodi na ključno pitanje:
Da li i na koji način i dalje važi zakon o jednakosti akcije i reakcije ako dva udaljena tela deluju jedno na drugo poljem sile a što se tiče ilustrovanih primera?
Ako zakon o održanju jednakosti akcije i reakcie stvarno nije tačan, blizu je dana kada ćemo moći da kažemo:
Kada pogledamo u noćno nebo vidimo hiljade i hiljade zvezda, zapravo svi mi imamo misiju, moramo stići tamo, i zato ih i vidimo.
Ako postoji rešenje koje se protivi ovom aksiomu, budite sigurni da to rešenje do dana današnjeg nije prihvaćeno. Sa druge strane, kad određeni odgovor ne može da se pronađe, trebalo bi ga potražiti na drugom mestu. Čini se da je lakše zamisliti postojanje misteriozne materije nego pronaći rešenje kršenjem aksioma očuvanja energije.
Ali odavno je poznato da postoji veza između materije i energije, materija je samo jedan oblik energije i obrnuto. Potraga za tamnom materijom postaje potraga za energijom.
U priči koju sam ispričao rekao bih da nema ničeg novog osim možda činjenice da je prekršen zakon o održanju energije a možda I nije.
Potencijal ove priče ne treba zanemariti. Ova priča je samo jedan korak udaljena od rešavanja sledećih problema:
1. Jeftin, pouzdan i jednostavan način letenja u svemir.
2. Izvor bezgranične i bezbedne energije.
Paradoksalno, ograničena brzina svetlosti uslovljava da ništa nije u mogućnosti da naposti crne rupe ali takođe može da dovede do uspešnog odupiranja gravitaciji ma kog reda veličine putem tamne energije.
Posredno, obe stavke omogućiće značajan i veoma brz uticaj na smanjenje prenaseljenosti na planeti Zemlji, omogućavajući ljudima da žive i rade u svemiru u masivnim razmerama.
Druga stavka teoretski može da smanji zagađenje koje nastaje korišćenjem fosilnog i nuklearnog goriva.
Po mom mišljenju sve se svodi na ključno pitanje:
Da li i na koji način i dalje važi zakon o jednakosti akcije i reakcije ako dva udaljena tela deluju jedno na drugo poljem sile a što se tiče ilustrovanih primera?
Ako zakon o održanju jednakosti akcije i reakcie stvarno nije tačan, blizu je dana kada ćemo moći da kažemo:
Kada pogledamo u noćno nebo vidimo hiljade i hiljade zvezda, zapravo svi mi imamo misiju, moramo stići tamo, i zato ih i vidimo.
U potrazi za Fantomskim izvorom električne energije i Fantomskim potisnikom
U ovom delu će biti izložene teorijske postavke za izvor energije i napravi za pokretanje zasnovan na objašnjenju fenomena tamne energije i tamne materije izloženim ranije.
Fantomski potisnik
Teorija kaže da ako na dva paralelna provodnika na rastojanju d prolazi struja istog smera da se oni međusobno privlače, ako kroz provodnike teče struja suprotnog smera oni će se međusobno odbijati.Međutim ako pretpostavimo da kroz provodnike teče naizmenična struja iste frekvencije tada će se zbog talasne prirode svetlosti smer magnetnog polja koji stvara bilo koji od provodnika menjati u odnosu na vreme i u odnosu na rastojanje između provodnika. Efekat bi trebao da se manifestuje tako da se sa povećanjem rastojanja između provodnika menja i smer sile, u zavisnosti od talasne dužine, pa bi tako na određenim rastojanjima sila trebala da bude u kontinuitetu negativna a na drugim u kontinuitetu pozitivna.
Interesantnu situaciju treba očekivati kada struja kroz jedan provodnik kasni za neki ugoao, na primer za p/2, tada bi trebalo da se javi neuravnotežen sistem odnosno da sila i na jednom i na drugom provodniku deluje u istom smeru i da se javi nagon celog sistema za kretanje. Nizbalansiranost bi trebala da bude najveća prilikom kašnjenja fluksa zbog udaljenosti takođe za p/2.
Idealni slučaj verovatno neće biti moguć iz sledećeg razloga:
Da bi sila bila značajna, rastojanje između provodnika bi trebalo da bude malo. Ako je rastojanje malo, frekvencija mora da bude značajna. Ukoliko se smanji frekvencija mora se značajno povećati struja.
U slučaju fantomskog potisnika nije toliko važna količina energije koja se emituje van sistema ukoliko se uspostavi korisna sila pošto svi vidovi pogona na primer raketa i aviona zapravo imaju izuzetno mali stepen korisnog dejstva. Frekvencija može takođe da se smanjuje do izvesne mere na račun smanjenja faznog pomeraja ispod p/2 sve dok postoji pozitivan efekat.
Pored značaja koji bi fantomski potisnik imao za razvoj čovečanstva kao izuzetno korisna naprava, naravno gada bi uspeli da ga napravimo, već i sam eksperiment u kojem udaljavanjem provodnika jednog od drugog sila menja smer bi bilaznačajna indikacija u vezi sa potvrđivanjem iznete teorije o tamnoj materiji i tamnoj energiji.
Jedan način sagledavanja efekta bi bio samo posmatranje nebeskih tela bez ikakvih eksperimenata ali u tom slučaju razmatraju se mnogobrojne teorije pa samo posmatranje možda neće biti dovoljno za donošenje ispravnog zaključka.
Eksperimentima koji uključuju konstrukciju fantomskog izvora električne energije ili Fantomskog potisnika mogla bi teorija o tamnoj energiji i tamnoj materiji da se dokaže ili opovrgne na zemlji, fizičkim eksperimentima dostupnim svima i relativno bezbednim.
Za početak, veliki uspeh bi bilo i samo detektovanje ovih efekata, do razvoja efikasnih sistema koji bi radili na ovim principima bi moralo da prođe još dosta vremena ali nadu pruža činjenica da je mnoge parametre moguće optimizovati kako bi se dobio što bolji efekat.
Fantomski izvor električne energije
U prethodnim poglavljima pojmovi tamne materije i tamne energije su objašnjeni u interakciji dva predmeta koji su na nekoj udaljenosti i međusobno deluju poljem sile. Sada počinjemo od dva električna kola koja su na nekoj udaljenosti i koja deluju jedna na drugo na primer posredstvom magnetnog polja. Ova dva strujna kruga treba da deluju tako da međusobno prenose energiju. Ako razmislimo malo bolje tako nešto već postoji.Da li električni transformator i pod kojim uslovom može da bude fantomski izvor energije?
Priča o Fantomskom izvoru električne energije je zapravo priča o transformatoru.
Do sada nije zabeležen slučaj da se na transformatoru javio višak električne energije, da li su matematičke i fizičke postavke transformatora tačne? Pogledajmo sliku:
Matematički model transformacije električne energije zasniva se na delu magnetnog fluksa koji protiče kroz oba namotaja. Bitno je da posmatramo putanju magnetnog fluksa i da zaključimo da ona može da bude značajne dužine, zaključak: prilikom izvođenja matematičkog modela transformatora za sve slučajeve dostupne u literaturi zanemaren je uticaj ograničene brzine svetlosti.
Magnetno polje koje emituje primar se ne može momentalno preneti na sekundar nego je za to potrebno određeno vreme. Znači u stvarnosti magnetno polje kroz sekundar će kasniti za određeno vreme u odnosu na megnetno polje primara i obrnuto. Vreme kašnjenja magnentog polja zavisiće od udaljenosti primara i sekundara.Prilikom transformacije električne energije sa primara na sekundar ustanovljen zakon o održanju energije ali se on opet zasniva na činjenici da se magnetni fluks sa primara trenutno prenosti na sekundar. Zakon o održanju energije važi pod uslovom da je reakcija istovremena kao i akcija. Šta se dešava kada to nije ispunjeno?
Pošto je brzina svetlosti izuzetno velika da bi se bilo kakav efekat kašnjenja javio frekvencija mora da bude značajna. Iz tog razloga sam razmatrao dva magnetna kalema koji se nalaze u vazduhu na rastojanju d jedan od drugog i došao sam do sledećeg zaključka:
U zavisnosti od ostvarenog faznog pomeraja zbog kašnjenja fluksa transformator se može ponašati kao sistem u kojem se nepovratno gubi energija ali i sistem u kojem se nepovratno stvara energija.
Naredna slika prikazuje šemu transfomratora pri čemu su namotaji koji se nalaze jedan iznad drugog, namotani na istu stranu i povezani kako je prikazano, pri čemi je struja I1 =I2.
U zavisnosti od vrednosti otpornosti namotaja, samoinduktivnosti i međusobne induktivnosti moguće je dobiti sledeće vrednosti ukupne snage koja se potroši na transformatoru sabirajući ulaznu električnu snagu i primara i sekundara a po sledećem dijagramu:
Vrednost snage potrošnje je ilustrovana samo kao konkretan primer.
Za negativne vrednosti snage naprava se ponaša kao proizvođač električne energije a za pozitivne vrednosti snage naprava se koristi kao potrošač energije.Ograničenja
Prilikom izvođenja postupka zanemareno je zračenje električne energije zbog talasne prirode magnetnog fluksa.Da bi se dobio višak energije potrebno je da proizvedena energija bude veća od emitovane energije putem zračenja elektromagnetnog polja, nadu da je to možda ipak moguće pruža činjenica da se višak energije zapravo javlja i pri veoma malom kašnjenju magnetnog polja, rešenje za ovaj problem treba tražiti na manjm frekvencijama, na primer do 300 MHz. Preko ove vrednosti energija zračenja je značajna i sistem nije efikasan. Sa druge strane na malim frekvencijama je veoma teško ostvariti dovoljan fazni pomeraj. Ne treba zaboraviti ni transformatore sa metalnim i veoma dugačkim jezgrom iz razloga što je brzina svetlosti kroz metalne materijale značajno manja nego kroz vazduh pa je možda moguće napraviti sistem sa manjom frekvencijom.
Možda neće biti moguće napraviti sistem sa optimalnom proizvodnjom energije ali i mali pomeraj magnetnog fluksa pod određenim uslovima može da dovede do pozitivnog efekta, potrebno je stvoriti energiju koja je veća od gubitaka u samom transformatoru, mali fazni pomeraj dodatno smanjuje potrebnu frekvenciju.
Sličan princip važi i kod kretanja planeta, iako pri brzinama kretanja planeta koje su znatno manje od brzine svetlosti efekat nije značajan, dovoljno je da bude veći od sila trenja i da efekat tamne energije ili tamne materije ipak vremenom dođe do izražaja.
Dimenzije samog sistema moraju biti znatno manje od talasne dužine inače se proračun opet menja.